在前三篇步骤中，我们分享了单字和句型的学习秘诀。

今天，让我们带著先前学的知识，进入阅读主题，看看哪些策略可以帮助我们在阅读时切换成英文脑。

 

大多数人从国中开始接触英文篇章阅读。

在台湾主流的教学方式无非是请学生大声把文章念出来。

对老师来说这样是一兼二顾，同时让学生练习阅读，还可以纠正发音。

不过对学生来说，却留下了看到文章不念出来会怪怪的后遗症。

 

念出声哪里不好？

念出声确实是种练习方式，对某些学习者来说，能流畅念完全文会带来满满成就感。

但如果太过于注意发音以及单字个别的意思，往往读完文章还是不解通篇语意，非常可惜。

 

究竟该怎么念？

今天就来和各位分享宏观及微观两种阅读策略。

 

1.宏观阅读策略：依转折词及副词判断文意走向。

各位从小到大应该或多或少听过老师传授的考试阅读技巧：略读(skimming)。

略读大致上就是：在第一段(opening)找本文大意，然后在正文(body)每段的首句找主题句(topic sentence)，最后在末段找结论。这样的策略确实通常能应付阅读测验。但在生活、新闻、职场、旅行遇到英文时，若纯粹使用略读技巧，能了解的只是全文的片面，少之又少。

因此，我们需要以宏观角度，练习用转折词及副词来判断整体文意走向。如此不仅能理解通篇逻辑，也能更节省阅读完统整讯息的心力。

 

2.微观阅读策略：抓出关键达到最有效率的理解

要抓出关键其实非常容易，就是辨别文句中的「人事时地物」。把这些关键字拼凑起来，就足以解读整段的讯息。这个部分相当直觉，我们直接在下方看例子。

 

举例来说

In Taiwan, when we want to drink some water, we can just pop into the nearest convenience store and buy a bottle. It’s not that easy in some countries, though. Some people have to walk great distances to find a river or well, and others have to actually gather their water from the air around them. In several of the world’s remote, high-altitude desert areas, clouds of fog are the best sources of clean drinking water.

To collect water from fog, you need to set up a net that will trap and capture the water particles held in a cloud. A Canadian nonprofit organization called FogQuest has been installing nets in poor regions around the world for about ten years. Their nets are 40 square meters in size, and several of them are usually used at each fog collection site.

While the size and positioning of nets are carefully calculated and based on years of scientific research, the nets themselves are very low-tech. FogQuest actually uses a cheap agricultural material as they say it works well and helps them to keep project costs down. The nets don’t catch a huge amount of water, about one liter for every square meter of material, but that’s still enough to make a huge difference in the lives of thousands of people.

 

这整段看完应该有一种「似乎每个字都看得懂，但合在一起却看不懂」的感觉。

但如果我们把「转折词和副词」及「人事时地物等关键词」标注起来：

 

In Taiwan, when we want to drink some water, we can just pop into the nearest convenience store and buy a bottle. It’s not that easy in some countries, though. Some people have to walk great distances to find a river or well, and others have to actually gather their water from the air around them. In several of the world’s remote, high-altitude desert areas, clouds of fog are the best sources of clean drinking water.

To collect water from fog, you need to set up a net that will trap and capture the water particles held in a cloud. A Canadian nonprofit organization called FogQuest has been installing nets in poor regions around the world for about ten years. Their nets are 40 square meters in size, and several of them are usually used at each fog collection site.

While the size and positioning of nets are carefully calculated and based on years of scientific research, the nets themselves are very low-tech. FogQuest actually uses a cheap agricultural material as they say it works well and helps them to keep project costs down. The nets don’t catch a huge amount of water, about one liter for every square meter of material, but that’s still enough to make a huge difference in the lives of thousands of people.

 

从蓝色的部分，我们可以由just(只要)看见在台湾取得干净饮用水的便利性；由not(不)和though(不过)看见语意的转折，预测接下来文章会出现反例；由actually(其实；竟然)可知该句话要以不寻常的例子描述取水不便的辛苦；由while(虽然)可预测接下来会出现令人惊讶的事实：虽然经过精密计算，但此科技为低阶科技；由最后的but(但)和still(仍然)可看出最后的语气转折，叙述即使此取水科技效率不慎理想，仍然能改变许多人的生活品质。

 

而黄色部分则是关键字。若是在阅读时特别留意这些字，就能回答以下问题：

True or false?

1. (   ) It is easy to have access to clean water in Taiwan.

2. (  ) In the mountains, the best way to get clean drinking water is through clouds of fog.

3. (   ) FogQuest uses nets made of pricy materials, and that's why they work effectively.

4. (  )Many people's lives have been changed because of the water collection technology mentioned in the article.

 

总结：切换阅读英文脑步骤

1.停止在阅读时读出声的习惯

2.了解文章常见的副词及转折词以及其意涵

3.学会透过副词及转折词预测文意走向

4.学会抓取关键字，不拘泥于了解每个字

5.练习将以上线索拼凑成完整讯息

 

尝试新策略之初一定会经历磨合期。但只要坚持下去，多练习，就能更迅速掌握文章脉络。

以上就是英文脑改造计划的Step 4。欢迎点击下方连结观看影片解说。我们Step 5见啰！

 

👉 Step 4影片连结：https://youtu.be/77mqsiIGsEU


 

Answers: OXXO