心智图超好用!两招教你如何运用在雅思口说
「心智图」(mind map) 是什么
「心智图」是一种以视觉化的方式呈现资讯的图形。典型的心智图中间会有一个核心概念。由核心概念延伸出去则是各个相关的概念。下面是典型心智图的图形:
举例来说,假如我们的核心概念是「休闲嗜好」,相关的概念可以包括:「各种嗜好」、「从事嗜好的场所」、「从事嗜好的优点」、「从事嗜好所需的用品」。每个相关概念的图形里面,则包括具体的例子,例如「嗜好」包括:听音乐、看电影、运动、做菜、烘焙等等。
如何用「心智图」组织与扩充字汇
一旦我们了解心智图的功能与架构,我们就可以利用心智图来帮助我们组织、扩展、记忆字汇。当我们建立心智图时,我们可以采取以下的步骤:
Step 1: 确定核心概念,例如上面例子中的「休闲嗜好」。
Step 2: 发想跟核心概念有关的其它概念,例如上面例子中的「各种嗜好」、「从事嗜好的场所」、「从事嗜好的优点」等等。
Step 3: 针对各个相关概念,填入只知的英文字汇,或者通过学习,找出新的英文字汇。
根据上述的步骤,下面是「休闲嗜好」的心智图。为了填入比较多的字汇,我们使用另一种呈现方式:

利用心智图,学员可以有效率地组织与扩展字汇,而且心智图的图像化呈现方式,也让学员容易复习字汇。
以下是雅思考试常考的主题。我们鼓励学员尝试建立专属自己的心智图。
· the environment |
· art and music |
· tourism |
· technology |
· learning and education |
· traditions and customs |
· health and diet |
· fashion and advertising |
· travel |
· employment |
· social media |
· communication |
如何利用「心智图」回答雅思口说第二部分「个人陈述」
在雅思口说第二部分「个人陈述」(individual long term)中,考生需要针对一个主题,先构思一分钟,然后进行长达两分钟的谈话。虽然题目卡上面会列出考生要谈论的要点,不过许多考生因为没有经验,只简短针对这些要点说几句话,就卡住无法继续延伸答案了。所以考生在构思答案时,可以如何利用心智图帮助他们组织与延伸谈话的内容呢?让我们看以下的例题:
Describe a time when you started using a new technological device (e.g. a new computer or phone)
You should say:
• what device you started using
• why you started using this device
• how easy or difficult it was to use
and explain how helpful this device was to you.
题目卡上面有几个Wh-疑问词为首的提示项目,帮助考生发想答案的内容,可是考生也可以加入其它的Wh-疑问词来延伸答案的内容。以下是利用心智图所发想的草稿:
考生只有一分钟可以准备,所以只需要在心智图里写下几个关键字。考生也可以在Wh-疑问词旁编号,提醒自己做答的顺序。当然,考生开始说话后,有可能会遗漏草稿上的一两个项目,不过草稿只是考生作答的指引,草稿上的内容不会被评分。只要考生说出清楚连贯的答案,就可以获得理想的分数。以下是范例答案(括弧里是草稿上的项目):
OK, I would like to talk about my first time using a smartphone (what device) which was about 10 years ago.
Well, I guess I am not really a techie or any type of technology fan. That is why having the first smartphone was really an eye-opening experience for me. I got it from my mother (who) as a birthday gift (why) for my 18th birthday, and I absolutely loved it.
At that time, I had just been accepted to college, and I needed an electronic gadget that is as convenient as a computer and as portable as an iPod. An iPhone was a good start. You know… it was like having a whole world in my pocket. I could surf the Internet (what), send email, and even read e-books.
The smartphone was so user-friendly (how easy) that it took me only an hour to figure out all the functions and made the most out of it.
The smartphone was useful (how helpful) because I didn't have to carry my heavy laptop around to access emails and messages. The smartphone was especially handy when I was on a trip. As the smartphone took good pictures, it made my camera redundant. I used the smartphone for three years before its battery died. It was an important part of my life.
当学员平时练习第二部份时,可以给自己较多的时间(例如三分钟),利用心智图发想尽可能多的相关资讯,这样有助于真正上考场时,在短时间内想出好点子。
结论
在这篇学习文章中,我们解释学员平时如何利用心智图来组织与扩展字汇,以及雅思口说考试时如何使用心智图发想题目的答案。不过学员当然还要勤加练习,才能熟能生巧。巨匠的雅思课程,上课时有其他学员可以跟你一起练习口说,专业的雅思师资可以分析学员的答案,提供内容上的建议,帮助学员取得理想的雅思口说成绩。请持续关注我们的学习文章,一起战胜雅思喔!