台湾气候潮湿,潮湿、发霉英文怎么说?
湿度与潮湿英文
humidity (n.) 湿润,潮湿
湿度的英文是 humidity。形容潮湿常用humid, damp, wet等。其中humid用于形容气候的潮湿,例如:
The humidity in the apartment is around 75%. It's so humid that it makes everyone inside uncomfortable.
这间公寓内的湿度大约75%,由于太潮湿了,里面的人都感到不舒服。
damp (adj.) 潮湿的,湿淋淋的
Damp表示湿冷的状态,也可以用于形容天气以外的事物,如潮湿的衣物或房间等。例如:
The room smelled musty because the walls were damp from the leaking roof.
因为屋顶漏水,墙壁潮湿的关系,房间有股霉味。
💡musty用于形容东西闻起来有霉味,意思等同于moldy smell或smell like mold。
wet (adj.) 湿的,潮湿的
Wet的潮湿程度高于上述两者,形容湿答答的样子。前面加soaking表示如同浸泡在水中一样湿透了的状态。例如:
I arrived home soaking wet after the sudden rainstorm.
一场突如其来的暴雨过后,我回到家时全身湿透。
moist (adj.) 潮湿的;湿润的
值得一提的是,常被翻译成潮湿的moist其实与上述三个字的用法不同,代表「滋润」或「湿润」的意思,名词moisture则是「水分」的意思,这两个字都常用来形容皮肤或食物,例如:
This cream can maintain the water balance in the skin and keep your face moist throughout the day.
这款乳霜可以保持皮肤的水分平衡,让你的脸维持全天湿润。
This moist chocolate cake recipe is unbelievably easy and incredibly good.
这个口感湿润的巧克力蛋糕食谱做起来超简单,并且美味无比。
反潮英文
另一种潮湿天气下常造成的现象是「反潮」,英文是condensation,常发生在春冬交替之际。主要是室内外的温度差异大,室内的温度比户外低时,水气就会在屋内墙壁、地板、天花板或玻璃上等形成水滴。
During the spring, I often wake up to find condensation on the windows.
春天时我起床后常会发现窗户上有反潮现象。
霉菌与发霉英文
霉菌与霉菌是异体字,也就是字形不同但读音和意思相同,英文都是mold(或mildew)。fungus虽然也常被翻成霉或霉菌,但其实fungus属于真菌(单数为fungus,复数为fungi),霉菌只是真菌的一种,而这两者都跟细菌bacteria无关(细菌在生物学分类上比真菌和霉菌要低一个等级)。
食物上长的霉菌多用mold表示。形容词「发霉(发霉)的」英文是moldy(英式拼法为 mouldy),因此发霉的食物可以说成moldy food, mold on food或food covered with mold(以上的food可以替换成食物名称)。例如:
That old bread in the pantry is covered with mold – time to throw it out!
茶水间里面的那个旧面包发霉了,该扔掉了!
食物变质、臭酸英文
食物变质 food spoilage
所谓食物变质(food spoilage)是食物因为微生物或化学反应等原因,导致变质、或颜色味道改变的过程。变质的食物常用spoiled和rotten来形容。例如:
My breakfast salad was totally ruined by the rotten egg.
我的早餐沙拉被臭掉的鸡蛋整个毁了。
食物坏了、臭酸 go sour / go bad
如果要用动词表达食物坏了或臭酸的时候,可以说成go sour或go bad。例如:
Milk can go sour if it's left out of the fridge for too long.
牛奶长时间没冰的话会坏掉。
I forgot the peaches I bought last week, and now they've gone bad.
我忘了上礼拜买了桃子,现在它们都臭酸了。
真菌毒素 mycotoxins
可不要小看食物发霉,长了霉菌的食品可能会产生一种叫做「真菌毒素(mycotoxins)」的有毒物质,大家常听到的「黄曲毒素(aflatoxin)」就是真菌毒素中毒性特别强的一种。
Molds produce toxic substances called "mycotoxins," which can make you sick or even cause cancer.
霉菌会产生一种叫做「霉菌毒素」的有毒物质,它会使你生病,甚至致癌。
接下来,我们来看看怎么样在对话中谈论食物保存吧。
Dialogue 情境对话
Theo is talking to his roommate Ryder about what he's just found in the fridge.
席欧正在和他的室友芮德讲他刚在冰箱发现的东西。
Theo: Hey, Ryder! Check this out – I found this leftover pizza from, like, three weeks ago. It's still in the box! Do you think I can just heat it up?
席欧:嘿,芮德!你看,我找到这个大概三个礼拜前没吃完的披萨。还放在盒子里耶!你觉得可以加热来吃吗?
Ryder: Whoa, hold your horses! Three weeks? That's a recipe for disaster!
芮德:修但几勒…三个礼拜?这会出大事好吗!
Theo: Come on! It's just a little old. I hate wasting food.
席欧:拜托,只是放得久一点而已还好吧。我不喜欢浪费食物。
Ryder: I get it, but trust me, eating moldy food can lead to some nasty surprises. You could end up with a stomachache or worse!
芮德:我懂,可是相信我,吃发霉的食物后果可能很严重,你搞不好会胃痛什么的,或者更惨。
Theo: Okay, so, I guess I should throw this pizza out then?
席欧:好吧。那我应该把它丢掉啰?
Ryder: Yup, toss it. And if it looks fuzzy or smells funky, it's a no-go.
芮德:没错。扔了它。还有,如果有长毛或闻起来怪怪的就绝对不能吃了。
Theo: Got it. So, how can I prevent this from happening in the future?
席欧:了解。那我以后要怎样避免这种事情再发生?
Ryder: First off, make sure to store things in airtight containers. That'll keep out moisture and air, which are the main culprits for mold. Also, label your leftovers with dates. It's like a countdown to freshness.
芮德:首先,要把食物存放在密封的容器里。这样可以阻挡水分和空气,那些是造成霉菌的罪魁祸首。另外,要在剩菜上面标日期。这样可以算出来还可以保鲜多久。
Theo: Wow, you're like the food police.
席欧:喂~你卫生局派来的喔。
Ryder: Just trying to keep you from becoming a science experiment!
芮德:我只是不想让你变为化学实验品而已。
Theo: Fair enough. Thanks for the heads-up. I'll stick to the fresh stuff from now on.
席欧:有道理。谢谢你的提醒啦。以后我会只吃新鲜的东西。
湿度高所造成的健康问题
长时间处于高湿度的环境下,还可能造成各种健康问题。最常见的是呼吸道疾病(respiratory diseases),如过敏allergy、气喘asthma、慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis等。除此之外湿度高也可能触发炎症(inflammation)或发炎反应,如过敏性鼻炎allergic rhinitis、关节疼痛joint pain、关节炎arthritis等,一定要多加注意喔。
体内湿气英文
你应该听过人家说「身体湿气重」这种说法吧?这里的湿气是中医的用法,并不适用于humidity的概念(只用于天气或空气),在翻译上通常会用dampness表达,要表示湿气重可以用excess dampness(过多的湿气),例如:
My traditional Chinese medicine doctor said I had excess dampness in my body, and I should avoid cold food and drinks.
我的中医说我体内湿气重,应该避免食用生冷的食物和饮料。
居家防霉小技巧
除了食物之外,家具、衣物和墙壁也可能受潮,该怎么妥善保存防止发霉呢,以下提供大家一些简单的小撇步,一起来看看吧!
Wash and Dry 洗净 & 干燥
Always wash and thoroughly dry your clothes before storing them to remove moisture and odors.
存放衣物前一定要洗过并彻底干燥,以去除水分和异味。
Improve Ventilation 改善通风
Make sure all areas of your home are well-ventilated with open windows.
确保家中所有空间通风良好并打开窗户。
Humidity Control 湿度控管
Use dehumidifiers or moisture absorbers in storage areas to keep humidity levels low.
在存放东西的地方使用除湿器或吸湿剂以维持较低的湿度。
虽然潮湿的问题棘手,但是透过谨慎的态度和积极的应对,还是可以在恼人的潮湿天气中找到你的小确幸喔。想要了解更多生活中常用到的英文单字,并透过实用的例句和情境对话深度学习吗?不妨考虑加入巨匠美语的生活会话课程和主题课程,巨匠有最活泼生动的内容,全方面掌握各种与生活息息相关的话题,让你的英语表达力更上一层楼!