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标示地图题

「标示地图题」(labeling a map)是一种常见的标示图表题。针对地图题，考生在平常练习时，应该先熟练描述「空间位置」与「报路」的常见语言。

描述「空间位置」常见语言：

at the top / at the bottom
on the left / on the right / on the far side
North / South / East / West
in the southwest / in the northeast
in the middle of / in the centre of
above / below
inside / outside
opposite / in front of
left-hand side / right-hand side
clockwise / anticlockwise
a little beyond / just past

「报路」常用动词：

get to
move / walk / carry on
turn
cross
miss
reach

掌握这些字汇后，让我们用以下的例题说明解题步骤：

From section 1:
Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 8-10.
Where are the following blocks of flats situated?

8. Eastern Towers _______
9. Granby Mansions _______
10. Busby Garden _______

Step 1：分析地图

注意街道、建筑物、桥梁等地理特征。留意叙述的「起始点」。预测说话者会提到的字词。

Step 2：注意听开头

当听力开始后，注意听开头的地方，因为说话者会先说明听力内容的脉络。了解听力的内容主题之后，接下来的细节会比较容易听懂。

Step 3：手指著地图

当说话者描述时，可以边听边用手指著地图上说话者叙述的地方，比较不会迷失位置。

Step 4：注意「信号词」(signposting words)

留意信号词例如then 或and if you follow along。这些字表示说话者将继续讲下一个点或阶段。

Step 5：注意干扰选项

地图题的干扰选项通常是其它的建筑物。在听力播放时，用手指著现在的位置可以减少选到干扰选项的机会。

听力稿：

M: Are you looking to move into a flat soon?
W: I hope so, yes.

M: The thing is, we have a few flats at the moment that we'd like to get rented out by the end of the month.
W: I see.

M: They're all good flats, and at the price you want. There's one in Eastern Towers, one in Granby Mansions and another in Busby Garden. All three are nice blocks of flat.
W: Could you tell me where they are? I'm at the train station at the moment.

M: Eastern Towers, if you're coming from the stations, isn't very far. Cross over City Bridge. Then go left, and where the road divides, you want the right-hand fork. You'll see Eastern Towers on the left side of the road. It's a lovely, with trees around it.
W: That sounds nice. What about Granby Mansions?

M: The best way to get there from the station is probably to go down River Road and cross over Old Bridge. The road bends to the right, round the park, and if you follow along, you'll find it there, on the left side. That's a great location, with lovely views of the park.
W: Very nice. And you said there was one more?

M: Busby Garden, yes. OK, from the station, cross over City Bridge, keep going through the first crossroads until you come to the second crossroads. Busby Garden will be facing you, over to the right side. It's very convenient for the shops.
W: Fine. Thank you. Well, I'll see you on Saturday.

根据说话者的叙述，Eastern Towers的位置是B。Granby Mansions的位置是H。Busby Garden的位置则是E。

其它标示图表题

另一类型的标示图表题，则常使用填充题的方式。这些图表题通常描述物体的结构，例如人体、物体、建筑物等。请看以下的例题：

From section 2:
Label the diagram. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Step 1：仔细阅读作答指示

注意答案的字数限制。在此题组中，每个答案不能超过三个字。

Step 2：分析图表

与地图题相同，在说话者开始说话前，先仔细研究图表。学员可以留意题目的排列方式，并且注意已经被标示出来的部分。学员可试图判断这些已知资讯与未知资讯之间的关系。

Step 3：预测答案

利用空格前后的字判断答案的词性。举例来说，第二题的optional是形容词，所以答案应该是名词。

Step 4：参考点

在听力内容拨放时，利用图表上已标示出来的部分作为「参考点」，如此才不会混淆说话者在说明或解释的东西。与地图题相同，可以用手指著图表上说话者叙述的部分。

Step 5：关键字

利用空格前后的关键字，答案就在这些关键字附近。

Step 6：注意拼字

注意拼字正确与否。答案拼错字将被视为错误答案。

听力稿：

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thanks for letting me come and talk to you today. My name's Bill Loman and, as most of you know, I represent Acme Office Supplies. It's our job to bring you the very best in office supplies and we do everything we can to make your working day just that little bit more pleasant.

Now, do you have to move around from one part of the building to another? Do you ever wish you could take your desk with you, along with your laptop and other essential bits and pieces? Would be great, wouldn't it? Well, now you can, with this - the Mobile Office! It's ideal for any situation where the user sits, stands or moves about.

Take a closer look at it. This is a ruggedly constructed, highly adaptable unit. At the top is a flat work surface, where you can put your laptop computer and still have plenty of room for some files or documents. And you don't need to worry about your laptop accidentally getting knocked off because the laptop area is covered with a heavy-duty anti-slip rubber. There's even an optional laptop cable lock available. What's more, you can easily rotate the surface to cater for left and right-handed users. Now, chances are you may have to carry around all sorts of other bits and pieces – pens, erasers, a stapler, a hole punch, etc. Well, the Mobile Office can help you out there, too, with a storage option under the work surface. There are a range of options available, depending on the model, but they include a single utility drawer, a double utility drawer or, as shown here, a pencil drawer.

Now, some of us are short, some of us are tall. Sometimes we need to stand, others prefer to sit. So the desktop work surface is mounted on a fully adjustable stand. This means you can vary the height of the surface between 30½ and 42½ inches. The stand is mounted on top of a five-star castor base, making the whole unit fully mobile. And if you are worried about the unit moving during use you can also opt for locking castors, keeping the whole thing as solid as a rock. The next thing I'd like you to see is this. Now, if you've got a lot of confidential documents, you can't just throw them away …

针对第一题，当我们听到work surface时，我们就要集中注意力专心听。然后，当我们听到you don't need to worry about your laptop accidentally getting knocked off (你不用担心你的笔电不小心被打翻)时，我们可以预测答案就在后面，如此我们才可以清楚地听到heavy-duty anti-slip rubber (厚实的防滑橡胶) 这几个字。同样的道理，第二题当我们听到 a storage option under the work surface (工作台面下的储藏空间) 以及 There are a range of options available (有很多选项) 时，我们就要集中注意力，这样才能够听清楚 pencil drawer (铅笔抽屉)这两个字。最后第三题，当我们听到now时，我们可以判断说话者将进入到下一个重点，然后当我们听到adjustable stand (可调座)，我们就需要专心，这样我们才可以听清楚five-star castor base (五爪脚椅)这几个字。

总结

在本篇文章中，我们讨论了如何回答雅思听力中的「标记图表题」。记得将以上的方法应用在实际的题目中，一起战胜雅思考试喔！

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